La intolerancia a la lactosa ocurre cuando el cuerpo no puede digerir la lactosa , el azúcar que se encuentra naturalmente en la leche . La causa de esta intolerancia es la deficiencia de una enzima llamada lactasa , que es responsable de dividir la lactosa en dos azúcares simples durante la digestión.
Síntomas de intolerancia a la lactosa
Vamos a enumerar los síntomas que puede tener después de ingerir lactosa si tiene intolerancia. Estos síntomas se observan entre treinta minutos y dos horas después del consumo de alimentos que contienen lactosa .
- Náuseas: Sensación de malestar que se siente con ansiedades y que generalmente termina en vómitos.
- Hinchazón abdominal
- Dolor abdominal
- Distensión abdominal: aumentó el volumen abdominal.
- Sonidos abdominales : son los sonidos generados por el movimiento de gases a través del intestino.
- Gases: aire en el tracto digestivo.
- Diarrea: Anomalía intestinal caracterizada por una mayor frecuencia, fluidez y, a menudo, volumen de las deposiciones.
- Heces con mal olor.
- Pérdida de peso.
En algunos casos también puede producirse estreñimiento debido a una disminución de la motilidad intestinal como consecuencia del aumento de las bacterias productoras de metano.
Causas de la deficiencia de lactasa
La deficiencia de lactasa puede ser primaria – el individuo nace con tendencia a tenerla – o secundaria – cuando la intolerancia a la lactosa se adquiere a lo largo de la vida debido a algún problema intestinal.
Rara vez la intolerancia a la lactosa ya puede estar presente en los primeros meses de vida debido a un defecto genético que hace que la paciente no produzca ninguna cantidad de lactasa.
El bebé es intolerante a la leche materna, que naturalmente tiene más lactosa que la leche de vaca, y por lo tanto necesita ser alimentado con fórmulas especiales sin lactosa.
La intolerancia secundaria a la lactosa es la que ocurre debido a una enfermedad o después de una cirugía intestinal. Ejemplos de enfermedades que causan deficiencia de lactasa:
- Enfermedad celíaca
- Enfermedad de Crohn
- Diarrea causada por gastroenteritis viral
- Giardiasis
- Diabetes mellitus avanzada
- Quimioterapia
- SIDA
Diagnóstico de la intolerancia a la lactosa
En general, el diagnóstico de intolerancia a esta sustancia se realiza clínicamente y se basa únicamente en la historia clínica y los síntomas del paciente. Sin embargo, si el médico considera necesario confirmar el diagnóstico con pruebas complementarias, dos pruebas son las más utilizadas:
1- Prueba de respiración para verificar la eliminación de hidrógeno
Dado que los pacientes con intolerancia a esta sustancia producen grandes cantidades de hidrógeno en el colon y, en general, eliminamos pequeñas cantidades a través de los pulmones, esta prueba consiste en verificar el hidrógeno en el aire exhalado después del consumo de lactosa.
2- Examen de tolerancia a la lactosa
Después de ingerir esta sustancia, medimos la glucosa en la sangre para verificar si había un aumento en los niveles . En las personas sanas, la lactosa se descompone en glucosa y galactosa y luego se reabsorbe en el intestino y se libera en el torrente sanguíneo.
En pacientes con deficiencia de lactasa, esta sustancia no es digerida y por lo tanto la glucosa contenida en ella no es absorbida. Por lo tanto, la elevación de la glucosa en sangre es discreta en estos pacientes.
Alternativas a la intolerancia
La alternativa ideal debería ser una leche con diferentes contenidos , con suficiente valor nutritivo y sabor agradable….
Proteína hidrolizada
Se produce por calor o por hidrólisis de las proteínas originales de la leche de vaca, su valor nutritivo es adecuado y su sabor agradable.
Indicado para intolerancias y diarreas crónicas
- Leche ampliamente hidrolizada:
De caseína
Suero
Soya + colágeno de cerdo - Leche ligeramente hidrolizada
De suero
Suero de leche + caseína
Leches de soja
Compuestos de proteína de soja con aceites vegetales y carbohidratos.
Indicado para la alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca
- Maíz
- Almidón
- Sacarosa
- Maltodextrina
- Polímeros de glucosa
Por lo tanto, si usted tiene alguno de los síntomas mencionados anteriormente, no dude en consultar a su médico y elegir otras alternativas para la leche si sufre de intolerancia. Además, recuerda que puedes intentar, después de un cierto tiempo, volver a introducir la lactosa poco a poco.
4 razones para leer las etiquetas de los alimentos Las etiquetas de los alimentos nos dan más que información valiosa y debemos prestarle atención cuando hacemos compras o preparamos alimentos. Descubre por qué! Leer más «
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